Pesquisa | SciELO

Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000235

Challenges in prosthetic valvular thrombosis: imaging relevance and the decision-making process
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Herrera-Céspedes, Cristhian E.

; Giraldo, Santiago

; Saavedra, Yesid

; Vélez, Luis A.

; Hernández, José A.

; López, Nilson

; Chavarriaga, Juan C.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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Dez 2023, Volume 93 Nº 4 Páginas 502 - 503

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000193

Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery in a young man with Eisenmenger syndrome
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Plata-Corona, Juan C.

; Hernández-González, G. Lisseth

; Candia-Ramírez, Manuel A.

; Sierra-Lara, Jorge D.

; Arenas-Díaz, José O.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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Dez 2023, Volume 93 Nº 4 Páginas 510 - 513

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000201

Arbustivas y arbóreas del piedemonte amazónico colombiano: potencial nutricional y ambiental en sistemas ganaderos
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Narváez-Herrera, Juan Pablo

; Angulo-Arizala, Joaquín

; Barragán-Hernández, Wilson

; Mahecha-Ledesma, Liliana

Agronomía Mesoamericana

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Dez 2023, Volume 34 Nº 3 elocation 52442

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción. Los sistemas ganaderos del piedemonte amazónico se caracterizan por una baja eficiencia en el uso del suelo, predominio de monocultivos de gramíneas y disminución significativa de la cobertura arbórea, que sumado a la contribución de gases de efecto invernadero, relacionan la actividad ganadera con el calentamiento global. Objetivo. Recopilar y analizar resultados de investigaciones sobre las especies Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook, Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard, Piptocoma discolor (Kunth) Pruski y Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Desarrollo. Mediante el uso de Google Scholar, fórmulas de búsqueda y términos claves asociados al objetivo del estudio, se recuperaron y analizaron 97 documentos. Para las especies de interés, se reportó un amplio rango de adaptación ambiental (0 - 1600 m s. n. m. y entre 1000 y 3700 mm precipitación/año), con potencial para desarrollarse en suelos mal drenados y con bajo pH. Su uso se asoció a cercas vivas, bancos forrajeros, consumo en pastoreo, entre otros. Asimismo, se reportaron valores de materia seca entre 23 y 35 %, proteína cruda entre 15 y 21 % y FDN y FDA <60 % y <45 %, respectivamente. También se encontraron reportes de metabolitos secundarios como taninos y saponinas, lo que podría relacionarse con un potencial para mitigar metano entérico. Se analiza la inclusión de estas especies de plantas forrajeras o similares, por tener un impacto positivo en el almacenamiento de carbono y restauración de áreas degradadas, dadas sus implicaciones en el suelo como fijación de nitrógeno (leguminosas) y aporte de nutrientes vía hojarasca. Conclusiones. Por sus características nutricionales, adaptación y perfil fitoquímico, sería pertinente evaluar el comportamiento de las especies E. poeppigiana, C. fairchildiana, P. discolor y G. ulmifolia, como estrategia para mejorar la oferta nutricional y disminuir las emisiones de metano entérico en condiciones de piedemonte amazónico.

Abstract Introduction. The Amazon foothills livestock is characterized by inefficient land use, pasture monoculture, and significant reduction of the forest, which added to greenhouse gas emissions; it correlates the livestock practices to climate change. Objective. To compile and analyze research on Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F. Cook, Clitoria fairchildiana R.A. Howard, Piptocoma discolor (Kunth) Pruski and Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. Development. Through the use of Google Scholar, search algorithms, and keywords 97 papers related to this study were found and analyzed. To the forage shrubs of interest, the review reported a wide environmental range of adaptation (0 - 1600 m a. s. l. and between 1000 and 3700 mm rain/year), with the potential to develop in poorly drained soils and with low pH. The use of these shrubs in livestock was related to living fences, fodder banks, and direct intake, among others. Likewise, the literature review reported a dry matter concentration between 23 and 35 %, crude protein between 15 % and 21 %, and NDF and ADF <60 % and <45 %, respectively. Additionally, reports of secondary plant metabolites like tannins and saponins were also found, which could be related to the reduction of enteric methane. Lastly, the review examines the potential effect on carbon storage and land restoration by including the shrubs species discussed in the present study due to the possible effect on nitrogen fixation (legumes) and soil nutrient restoration via litter decomposition. Conclusions. Due to their nutritional characteristics, wide range of adaptation, and phytochemical profile, it would be pertinent to evaluate the behavior of the species E. poeppigiana, C. fairchildiana, P. discolor, and G. ulmifolia, as a strategy to improve nutrition and reduce methane emission in the Amazon foothills livestock farming.

https://doi.org/10.15517/am.2023.52442

Litotricia intravascular en el manejo de la enfermedad arterial periférica. Revisión de la literatura y reporte de caso
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Aguilar-Garay, Víctor A.

; Moreno-Rojas, Juan C.

; Fabián-Mijangos, Wenceslao

; Hernández-López, Dámaso

; Casares-Bran, Teresa M.

Revista mexicana de angiología

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Set 2023, Volume 51 Nº 3 Páginas 93 - 100

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) involucra una gran variedad de patologías en la circulación arterial, siendo la enfermedad ateroesclerótica oclusiva la principal causa. En pacientes en estadios más avanzados de la EAP se considera la revascularización de la zona afectada como tratamiento a seguir del manejo médico. Como una opción en el manejo endovascular tenemos la preparación del vaso para los distintos grados de calcificación. La litotricia intravascular (LIV), basada en la litotricia extracorpórea para la litiasis renal, es de recién incorporación al arsenal disponible para el tratamiento endovascular útil, mejorando la distensibilidad luminal y facilitando el tratamiento endovascular. Este ha demostrado una reducción significativa del grado de estenosis residual (≤ 30%), una menor tasa de complicaciones (1.4 frente a 6.8% en angioplastia) y menor necesidad de uso de angioplastia medicada o stent para mantener permeable el vaso tratado (LIV 5.2 y 4.6% comparado con 17 y 18.3%). Se presenta el caso de un paciente con EAP TASC C en quien se realizó LIV para tratamiento de la lesión, presentando un buen éxito técnico y clínico.

Abstract Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) involves a wide variety of pathologies that affects the arterial circulation, being the atherosclerotic occlusive disease the main cause. In patients in more advanced stages of PAD, revascularization of the affected area is considered a treatment to follow medical management. As an option in endovascular management, we have the preparation of the vessel for the different degrees of calcification. Intravascular lithotripsy (IVL), based on extracorporeal lithotripsy for renal lithiasis, is a recent addition to the arsenal available for useful endovascular treatment, improving luminal distensibility and facilitate endovascular treatment, it has shown a significant reduction in the degree of residual stenosis (≤ 30%), a lower rate of complications (1.4 vs. 6.8% in angioplasty) and less need for the use of medicated angioplasty or stent to keep the treated vessel patent (LIV 5.2 and 4.6% compared to 17 and 18.3%). It is presented the case of a patient with TASC C PAD who underwent IVL, with good technical and clinical success.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rma.22000034

Síndrome de Guillain-Barré antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en un centro de referencia de México
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López-Hernández, Juan C.

; Vargas-Cañas, Edwin S.

; Estrada, S. Alexander

; Galnares-Olalde, Javier

Gaceta médica de México

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Ago 2023, Volume 159 Nº 4 Páginas 322 - 328

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: Durante la pandemia de COVID-19 se ha reportado incremento de casos de síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB). Objetivo: Describir características clínicas y pronóstico de pacientes con SGB antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Material y métodos: Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes con SGB estratificados en dos subgrupos: antes (2018-2019) y durante (2020-2021) la pandemia de COVID-19. Se registraron características clínicas, paraclínicas y defunciones. Se definió como buen pronóstico a la recuperación de la marcha independiente a los tres meses. Resultados: Se incluyeron 201 pacientes (123 durante la pandemia y 78 antes), 69 % del sexo masculino, edad de 45 ± 16 años, 2.5 % de muertes intrahospitalarias. Durante la pandemia se observó mayor frecuencia de la variante desmielinizante (50 %), afección de nervios craneales bulbares (44 % versus 28 %), antecedente de vacunación (16 % versus 0 %) y menor puntuación en la escala MRC (30 ± 16.7 versus 34.3 ± 17.7); se observó aumento de casos de julio a septiembre (38 versus 13). No existieron diferencias significativas en la recuperación de la marcha independiente y número de defunciones. Conclusiones: Durante la pandemia se atendió mayor número de casos de SGB, 16 % asociado a la vacuna contra SARS-CoV-2; los pacientes no presentaron peor pronóstico.

Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the number of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) cases has been reported. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with GBS before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and methods: Prospective cohort of GBS patients divided in two subgroups: before (2018-2019) and during (2020-2021) the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics, as well as deaths, were recorded. A good prognosis was defined as independent ambulation recovery at three months. Results: Two-hundred and one patients were included (123 during and 78 before the pandemic), out of whom 69 % were males; age was 45 ± 16 years, and there was 2.5 % of in-hospital deaths. During the pandemic, a higher frequency of the demyelinating variant (50 %), bulbar cranial nerves involvement (44 % vs. 28 %), prior history of vaccination (16 % vs. 0 %), and a lower MRC score (30 ± 16.7 vs. 34.3 ± 17.7) were documented. An increase in the number of cases was observed from July to September (38 vs. 13). There were no significant differences in independent ambulation recovery or in the number of deaths. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a higher number of GBS cases were treated, out of which 16 % were associated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine; patients treated during the pandemic did not have a worse prognosis.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.23000114

Frequency of delirium and associated factors in patients from a neurological emergency department
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Violante-Villanueva, Jesús A.

; Lázaro-Jarquín, Moisés E.

; Ramírez-Bermúdez, Jesús

; Martínez-Angeles, Victoria

; Galnares-Olalde, Javier A.

; Carrillo-Loza, Karina

; Martínez-Piña, Arturo

; García Salazar, Xiomara

; López-Hernández, Juan C.

Revista mexicana de neurociencia

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Ago 2023, Volume 24 Nº 4 Páginas 102 - 108

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes: El delirium es una causa importante de morbi-mortalidad en la población general hospitalizada. Poca información existe sobre factores de riesgo en población con enfermedad neurológica. Objetivo: Analizar factores de riesgo para delirium en pacientes que acuden a un servicio de urgencias neurológicas. Métodos: Estudio observacional de cohorte prospectivo. Incluimos a todos los pacientes con enfermedad neurológica, ingresados al servicio de urgencias con estancia mayor a 8 horas, en el periodo de tiempo enero a abril de 2022. A todos los pacientes se les aplicó el instrumento para detección de delirium CAM-ICU y/o criterios DSM-5. Obtuvimos información de variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y paraclínicas al momento del ingreso. A través de un modelo de regresión logística univariable y multivariable analizamos factores de riesgo para delirium. Resultados: De 3661 pacientes atendidos en el periodo de tiempo señalado, 189 pacientes fueron incluidos, 60.8% género masculino, edad 48 ± 19 años; 44 (23.2%) cumplieron criterios para delirium, 81% fue diagnosticado al ingreso; puntuación en escala delirium/Index 12 (RIQ 10-12), duración de delirium 5 (RIQ2-11) días. Antecedentes clínicos para riesgo de delirium: delirium previo (OR 3.9, IC 95% 2.4-6.1, p = 0.003), EVC (OR 2.2, IC 95% 1.4-3.9, p = 0.009), neurocirugía (OR 2.1, IC 95% 1.2-3.8, p = 0.024) y uso de drogas psicoactivas (OR 2.5, IC 95% 1.3-4.6, p = 0.021). A través del modelo de regresión logística multivariable, los siguientes factores de riesgo son independientes para delirium: epilepsia descontrolada OR 5.4 (IC 95% 1.2-22.9), p = 0.023; lesión cerebral estructural supratentorial OR 6,1 (IC 95% 1.7-21.2), p = 0.004; neuroinfección OR 9.6 (IC 95% 2.9-31.4), p ≤ 0.001. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de delirium es de 23.2% en pacientes en el servicio de urgencias neurológicas; epilepsia descontrolada, neuroinfeccion y lesiones cerebrales supratentoriales son factores de riesgo independientes para delirium.

Abstract Background: Delirium is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the general hospitalized population. Few information exists on risk factors in patients with neurological disease. Objective: This study was to analyze risk factors for delirium in patients presenting to a neurological emergency department. Methods: This study was observational prospective cohort study. We included all patients with neurological disease, admitted to the emergency department with a stay of more than 8 h, in the period from January to April 2022. The confusion assessment method-intensive care unit delirium detection instrument and DSM-5 criteria were applied to all patients. We obtained information on epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical variables at the time of admission. Through a univariate and multivariate logistic regression model, we analyzed risk factors for delirium. Results: Of 3661 patients treated in the emergency department, 189 patients were included, 60.8% male gender, age 48 ± 19 years; 44 (23.2%) met criteria for delirium, 81% were diagnosed on admission; delirium scale score/index 12 (interquartile range [IQR] 10-12), and duration of delirium 5 (IQR 2-11) days. Clinical history for risk of delirium: previous delirium (odds ratio [OR] 3.9, 95% CI 2.4-6.1, p = 0.003), stroke (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.9, p = 0.009), neurosurgery (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.8, p = 0.024), and use of psychoactive drugs (OR 2.5, CI9 5% 1.3-4.6, p = 0.021). The following variables were independent risk factors for delirium through the multivariate logistic regression model:uncontrolled crisis [OR 5.4 (95% CI 1.2-22.9), p = 0.023], supratentorial structural brain lesion [OR 6.1 (95% CI 1.7-21.2), p = 0.004], and neuroinfection OR 9.6 (95% CI 2.9-31.4), p ≤ 0.001]. Conclusions: The frequency of delirium is 23.2% in patients presenting to the neurological emergency department; uncontrolled epilepsy, neuroinfection, and supratentorial brain lesions are independent risk factors for delirium.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.22000083

Guillain-Barre syndrome with hyponatremia, more than a simple finding
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Martínez-Piña, Daniel A.

; Medina-Gómez, Victor

; García-Hernández, José F.

; Vargas-Cañas, Edwin S.

; Violante-Villanueva, Arturo

; López-Hernández, Juan C.

Revista mexicana de neurociencia

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Jun 2023, Volume 24 Nº 3 Páginas 71 - 77

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: La hiponatremia se presenta en el 21,5-48% de los pacientes con síndrome de Guillaín-Barré (SGB), sin embargo, existe poca información sobre sus implicaciones clínicas en el SGB. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, de pacientes con diagnóstico de SGB. Recabamos información de variables clínicas, resultado del LCR y conducción nerviosa. Los pacientes con niveles de sodio < 135 meq/L en estudios de laboratorio al ingreso y antes del inicio de tratamiento fueron considerados con hiponatremia. Definimos buen pronóstico funcional a la presencia de marcha independiente (Hughes ≤ 2 puntos) a los 3 meses de seguimiento. Resultados: De 212 pacientes, 31 (14.6%) presentaron hiponatremia, sexo masculino 72%, edad promedio 45.9 ± 16 años, MRC score 30.1 ± 17 puntos, requerimiento de VMI 32%, presencia de disautonomía 32%. Recabamos ciento ochenta y dos estudios de conducción nerviosa y 165 resultados citoquímicos de punción lumbar. En el análisis comparativo entre los pacientes con hiponatremia vs sin hiponatremia, observamos diferencias significativas: edad (50.4 ± 14,9 vs. 43.8 ± 16.3, p = 0.03), días de hospitalización (mediana) (16 [IQR = 7-51] vs. 7 [IQR = 5-12] p = 0.03), disautonomía (54.8% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.006), niveles de proteínas (mgs/dL) en LCR (mediana) (105 [IQR = 59-165] vs. 39 [IQR = 28-57], p ≤ 0.001) y variante AIDP (70.4% vs. 42%, p = 0.011); En la recuperación de la marcha a los 3 meses, no hubo diferencia significativa (34,6% vs. 42,6%, p = 0.51). Conclusión: 14% de los pacientes con SGB presentan hiponatremia, con formas clínicas más severas, presencia de disautonomía, variante de AIDP más frecuente, niveles elevados de proteínas en LCR y mayor número de días de estancia hospitalaria, pero no afecta el pronóstico funcional.

Abstract Introduction: Hyponatremia occurs in 21-48% of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). However, little is known about the clinical implications in GBS. Materials and methods: In this observational, cross-sectional study, of patients diagnosed with GBS was conducted. Information used included: demographic clinical variables, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) results, and nerve conduction studies. Patients with sodium levels < 135 meq/L in laboratory studies on admission and before treatment were considered to have hyponatremia. We defined good functional prognosis as the presence of independent gait (Hughes ≤ 2 points) at 3 months of follow-up. Results: Two hundred and twelve patients were initially screen and 31 (14.6%) presented hyponatremia; male gender was predominant with 72%, mean age was 45.9 ± 16 years, mean Modified Medical Research Council (MRC) score was 30.1 ± 17 points, invasive mechanical ventilation requirement was 32%, and the presence of dysautonomia 32%. One hundred and eighty-two nerve conduction studies, and 165 CSF cytochemical samples were collected. In the comparative analyses between the patients with hyponatremia versus without hyponatremia, we observed significant differences in mean age (50.4 ± 14.9 vs. 43.8 ± 16.3, p = 0.03), days of hospitalization (median) (16 [IQR = 7-51] vs. 7 [IQR = 5-12] p = 0.03), dysautonomia (54.8% vs. 28.2%, p = 0.006), protein levels (mgs/dL) in CSF (median) (105 [IQR = 59-165] vs. 39 [IQR = 28-57], p ≤ 0.001), and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) variant (70.4% vs. 42%, p = 0.011). There was no significant finding in recovery of independent gait at 3 months (34.6% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.51). Conclusion: About 14% of patients with GBS presented with hyponatremia in our series and is associated with presence of dysautonomia, AIDP variant, elevated CSF protein levels and a greater number of days of hospital stay but did not impact functional prognosis.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rmn.22000081

Indicators of restoration strategies in land uses: metallic and non-metallic elements
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Alcalá Jáuregui, Jorge Alonso

; López Mendoza, Yadira

; Rodríguez Ortíz, Juan C.

; Filippini, María Flavia

; Martínez Carretero, Eduardo

; Moreno, Gabriela

; Hernández Montoya, Alejandra

; Rojas Velázquez, Ángel Natanael

; Beltrán Morales, Felix Alfredo

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo

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Jun 2023, Volume 55 Nº 1 Páginas 53 - 64

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Las prácticas de manejo del suelo pueden impactar la calidad ambiental de este recurso y pueden ayudar a diagnosticar la fuente de su contaminación. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de elementos metálicos y no metálicos como indicadores de impacto en el uso del suelo (manejo ganadero, estrategias de restauración y prácticas sin manejo de suelo) en el Ejido Monte Caldera (Cerro de San Pedro) San Luis Potosí, México. En cada uso de suelo se recolectaron 18 muestras por uso de suelo entre 0-10 cm y 10-20 cm de profundidad. Aplicando la Técnica de Rayos X de Fluorescencia se determinaron las concen traciones totales de Zr, Sr, U, Th, Pb, As, Rb, Cr, V, Ti, Zn y Cu. Las concentraciones medias obtenidas fluctuaron a razón de Ti>Zr>Rb>V>Sr>Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Th>U>As. En Ti, Cr, Th, U y As se superaron las referencias técnicas de concentraciones en suelo consideradas a nivel fitotóxico. La prueba de ANOVA reveló una diferencia significativa entre uso de suelo (Th, Pb, Rb, Cu) y profundidad (U, Pb y As). El uso de suelo con prácticas asociadas a la restau ración indica impacto ambiental positivo. Se identifica la necesidad de realizar estudios de seguimiento en la zona y su asociación con otros factores ambientales.

Abstract Land management practices can have an impact on the environmental quality of soil and contribute to identifying the source of its pollution. The objective of this study was to determine presence of metallic and non-metallic elements as indicators of land use impact (livestock management, restoration strategies and without management practices) in the Monte Caldera communal lands located in Cerro de San Pedro, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Eighteen samples were collected at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm for each land use. Total concentrations of Zr, Sr, U, Th, Pb, As, Rb, Cr, V, Ti, Zn, and Cu were determined by X-ray fluorescence. Mean concentrations ranged in the following order: Ti>Zr>Rb>V>Sr>Zn>Cr>P b>Cu>Th>U>As, with concentrations for Ti, Cr, Th, U and As exceeding technical reference values for phytotoxic soils. Significant differences were evidenced by ANOVA between land use (Th, Pb, Rb, Cu) and soil depth (U, Pb, and As). Land use practices associated with restoration resulted in a positive environmental impact. These findings underscore the need to conduct follow-up studies in the area and further examine the relationship of such practices with other environmental factors.

10.

Candida albicans the main opportunistic pathogenic fungus in humans
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Macias Paz, Ignacio Uriel

; Pérez Hernández, Salvador

; Tavera Tapia, Alejandra

; Luna Arias, Juan Pedro

; Guerra Cárdenas, José Eugenio

; Beltrán, Elizabeth Reyna

Revista argentina de microbiología

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Jun 2023, Volume 55 Nº 2 Páginas 12 - 12

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Candida albicans es un comensal del microbioma de mamíferos y el principal hongopatógeno de humanos. En pacientes inmunocomprometidos se convierte en un grave problemade salud por causar una amplia variedad de infecciones en mucosas y sistémicas. La interacciónentre C. albicans y las células del huésped lleva a la expresión de factores de virulencia, comoadhesinas e invasinas, a la secreción de enzimas hidrolíticas y a la transición de levadura a hifa filamentosa, capaz de para formar biopelículas, lo que genera adherencia, invasión y dano celular. En esta revisión describimos la compleja interacción comensal de C. albicans con la célula huésped y los eventos celulares que ejecuta en un ambiente patogénico. También se revisa la respuesta inmunitaria del huésped inducida por antígenos de C. albicans y los mecanismos desarrollados por este hongo para evitar la acción de agentes antifúngicos.

Abstract Candida albicans is a commensal of the mammalian microbiome and the primarypathogenic fungus of humans. It becomes a severe health problem in immunocompromisedpatients and can cause a wide variety of mucosal and systemic infections. The interactionbetween C. albicans and host cells is characterized by the expression of virulence factors suchas adhesins and invasins, the secretion of hydrolytic enzymes, a transition from yeast to fil-amentous hyphae form, and the ability to form biofilms; these features collectively result in cell adhesion, invasion, and damage. This review describes complex commensal interactions of C. albicans with host cells and the cellular events that it triggers in a pathogenic environment. We also review the host immune response induced by C. albicans antigens and the mechanisms developed by this fungus to avoid the action of antifungal agents.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2022.08.003

11.

Novel Therapy for Acquired Tracheomalacia with a Tissue-Engineered Extraluminal Tracheal Splint and Autologous Mesenchymal-Derived Chondrocytes
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Melgarejo-Ramírez, Yaaziel

; Ceballos-Cantú, Juan C.

; Montes-Olave, Eric de J.

; Hernández-Tapia, Bruno

; Rojas-Figueroa, Víctor

; Ramírez-Arroyo, Gabriela

; Cortés-Acosta, Fabiana

; Dorantes-Pavón, Mario

; Lecona-Butrón, Hugo

; Beltrán-Rodríguez-Cabo, Olga E.

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology

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Jun 2023, Volume 27 Nº 2 Páginas 342 - 350

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction Acquired tracheomalacia (ATM) is characterized by a loss of structural strength of the tracheal framework, resulting in airway collapse during breathing. Near half of the patients undergoing prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation will suffer tracheal lesions. Treatment for ATM includes external splinting with rib grafts, prosthetic materials, and tracheal resection. Failure in the use of prosthetic materials has made reconsidering natural origin scaffolds and tissue engineering as a suitable alternative. Objective To restore adequate airway patency in an ovine model with surgicallyinduced ATM employing a tissue-engineered extraluminal tracheal splint (TE-ETS). Methods In the present prospective pilot study, tracheal rings were partially resected to induce airway collapse in 16 Suffolk sheep (Ovis aries). The TE-ETS was developed with autologous mesenchymal-derived chondrocytes and allogenic decellularized tracheal segments and was implanted above debilitated tracheal rings. The animals were followed-up at 8, 12, and 16 weeks and at 1-year postinsertion. Flexible tracheoscopies were performed at each stage. After sacrifice, a histopathological study of the trachea and the splint were performed. Results The TE-ETS prevented airway collapse for 16 weeks and up to 1-year postinsertion. Tracheoscopies revealed a noncollapsing airway during inspiration. Histopathological analyses showed the organization of mesenchymal-derived chondrocytes in lacunae, the proliferation of blood vessels, and recovery of epithelial tissue subjacent to the splint. Splints without autologous cells did not prevent airway collapse. Conclusion It is possible to treat acquired tracheomalacia with TE-ETS without further surgical removal since it undergoes physiological degradation. The present study supports the development of tissue-engineered tracheal substitutes for airway disease.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1746194

12.

Geotechnical aspects of drilling and excavation of volcanic terrain for groundwater exploitation
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Santamarta, Juan C.

; Hernández-Gutiérrez, Luis E.

; Lario-Báscones, Rafael J.

; Rodríguez-Martín, Jesica

; Cruz-Pérez, Noelia

REM - International Engineering Journal

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Jun 2023, Volume 76 Nº 2 Páginas 203 - 210

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Heterogeneity of volcanic materials that constitute the Canary Islands (Spain) means that mining work in water galleries excavated on these islands, drilling into the terrain for many kilometres, is very challenging. They are composed of materials that vary significantly in terms of cohesion, ranging from very consolidated to loose and highly unstable. Water galleries have been key in the development of the Canary Islands, in order to obtain drinking water from the aquifer. Generally, aquifers are located in mountainous areas with difficult access, which complicates the drilling work. This article analyses the main geotechnical problems encountered in the construction of subterranean water galleries in the Canary Islands, as well as possible solutions to these problems, so that these can be applied to similar territories. As a general conclusion, the instabilities inherent in volcanic materials affect this type of work, and it is necessary to take specific measures for each type of geotechnical risk, as proposed in this article. Spain (Spain islands kilometres challenging cohesion unstable aquifer Generally access territories conclusion risk

https://doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672021760027

13.

Importance of Confirmatory Tests for Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Mexican Registry
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Vega-Vega, Olynka

; Toro-Cisneros, Noemí Del

; Sacoto-Romo, Víctor M.

; Ardavín-Ituarte, Juan M.

; Piñeirúa-Menéndez, Alicia

; Peña-Rodríguez, José C.

; Ramos-Gordillo, Jesús M.

; Arteaga-Müller, Giovanna Y.

; Mayorga-Madrigal, Héctor J.

; Mendiola-Fernández, Ricardo

; Cruz Mendoza, Néstor H.

; Arvizu-Hernández, Mauricio

; Correa-Rotter, Ricardo

Revista de investigación clínica

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Abr 2023, Volume 75 Nº 2 Páginas 47 - 52

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Since the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, patients with chronic kidney disease vulnerable to suffering more severe COVID-19 disease and worse outcomes have been identified Objectives: Our study's aim was to determine the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients of hemodialysis (HD) units in Mexico and to describe the availability of confirmatory testing Methods: This study was multicentric study of 19 HD units, conducted between March 2020 and March 2021 Results: From a total of 5779 patients, 955 (16.5%) cases of suspicious COVID-19 were detected; a SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test was done in only 50.6% of patients. Forty-five percentages were hospitalized and 6% required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). There was no significant difference in mortality between confirmed (131/483) and suspicious (124/472) cases (p = 0.74). The percentage of patients in need of hospitalization, IMV, and deceased was greater than in the rest of the study population Conclusions: The study revealed that 49.4% of the cases were not confirmed, a worrisome observation given that this is a highly vulnerable population (higher probability of contagion and worse outcomes), in which 100% of patients should have a confirmatory test

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.23000002

14.

Abdominal reconstruction in a patient with flank hernia after trauma, a case report and review of the literature
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Dávila-Portilla, Rogelio G.

; Correa-Dip, Elliott C.

; Torres-Piña, Raymundo

; Ugalde-Vitelly, Juán A.

; Guzmán-Martínez, Mario

; Jalife-Montaño, Abel

; Chapa-Azuela, Oscar

; Moreno-Hernández, Sergio G.

; Tristán-Tenorio, Carlo A.

Revista médica del Hospital General de México

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Mar 2023, Volume 86 Nº 1 Páginas 38 - 42

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Lateral abdominal herniae are rare, they usually occur after trauma, vascular or renal surgery, their incidence is less than 2%. Since 1906 there are just about 250 reported cases and there are many treatment options, including laparoscopic approach, direct muscle approximation with sutures, mesh, suture anchors and, even, conservative treatment. We present the case of a 30 year old male who suffers a motorcycle crash that results in a posttraumatic flank hernia. He was treated with a delayed abdominal wall reconstruction using polypropylene mesh and a fascia lata graft. There is no algorithm or specific treatment for lateral abdominal herniae and, because of its low incidence, little is known about their evolution and long-term results of the distinct reconstruction techniques. It's possible to reconstruct the abdomen wall early or delay it, depending on the abdominal cavity contamination and the patient's general condition.

https://doi.org/10.24875/hgmx.22000045

15.

Asociación entre los niveles de vitamina B12 y el deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores
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Aguilar-Navarro, Sara G.

; Carbajal-Silva, Juan C.

; Palacios-Hernández, María G. I.

; Gutiérrez-Gutierrez, Lidia A.

; Ávila-Funes, José A.

; Mimenza-Alvarado, Alberto J.

Gaceta médica de México

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Fev 2023, Volume 159 Nº 1 Páginas 32 - 37

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Aún es controversial si la deficiencia de vitamina B12 se asocia a alteraciones cognitivas. Objetivo: Conocer la asociación entre los niveles séricos de vitamina B12 y el desempeño cognitivo. Métodos: Se incluyeron 241 personas ≥ 60 años con medición de niveles séricos de vitamina B12. Se realizó evaluación física y cognitiva y se formaron tres grupos: cognición normal (CN), deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia. Los niveles de vitamina B12 se clasificaron en suficiencia (> 400 pg/mL), deficiencia subclínica (201-400 pg/mL) y deficiencia absoluta (≤ 200 pg/mL). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal multivariado para evaluar la asociación entre función cognitiva y niveles de vitamina B12 después de controlar las variables confusoras. Resultados: La media de edad fue 81.4 ± 8.0 años; 68 % fue del sexo femenino; 17.8 y 39.8 % presentaron deficiencia absoluta y subclínica de vitamina B12; 80 individuos (33 %) cumplieron los criterios de DCL y 70 (29 %), de demencia. Después de ajustar por edad, sexo y escolaridad, los sujetos con DCL y demencia tuvieron niveles más bajos de vitamina B12 comparados con aquellos con CN (p = 0.019). Conclusiones: Se observó asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el desempeño cognitivo global y los niveles bajos de vitamina B12.

Abstract Introduction: Whether vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with cognitive impairment remains controversial. Objective: To determine the association between vitamin B12 serum levels and cognitive performance. Methods: Two-hundred and forty-one adults aged ≥ 60 years who had serum vitamin B12 serum levels measurement were included. Physical and cognitive evaluation was carried out, and three groups were formed: normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Vitamin B12 levels were classified as sufficiency (> 400 pg/mL), subclinical deficiency (201-400 pg/mL), and absolute deficiency (≤ 200 pg/mL). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between cognitive function and vitamin B12 levels after controlling for confounding variables. Results: Mean age was 81.4 ± 8.0 years; 68% were females; 17.8 % and 39.8% had absolute and subclinical vitamin B12 deficiency, respectively; 80 individuals (33%) met the criteria for MCI, and 70 (29%), for dementia. Those with MCI and dementia had lower vitamin B12 levels in comparison with those with NC after adjusting for age, gender and educational level (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A statistically significant association was observed between global cognitive performance and levels of vitamin B12.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000187

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